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103. Young animals at grass are vulnerable to internal parasites. When clean pasture is not available, a worm control programme for intestinal and lungworms should be drawn up (paragraph 358).
104. In late summer, pregnant heifers are particularly susceptible to summer mastitis and control measures suggested in this report should be implemented (paragraph 359).
105. Major changes in housing or diet should be avoided, particularly around the service period (paragraph 360).
106. Heifers should be suitably marked to allow easy identification and thus reduce handling stress (paragraph 361).
107. Heifers should be introduced to the dairy herd with care, at least four weeks before calving, to allow time to become used to their new, unfamiliar surroundings. If space is limited, they should not be housed with older cows which will dominate their feeding and lying areas (paragraph 362).
108. Before calving, heifers should be trained to the use of the milking parlour and, where applicable, cubicles (paragraph 363).
109. Pregnant heifers should not be allowed to become excessively fat (paragraph 364).
110. In the last two months of pregnancy, heifers should be observed carefully at least twice daily. They should be housed in clean, dry conditions, or run in a convenient, accessible field (paragraph 365).