PART I: INTRODUCTION
Remit
Method of Investigation
Philosophy of Approach
PART II: THE UK DAIRY INDUSTRY
Background
Development of the industry
Organic farming
PART III: THE WELFARE ISSUES
The Five Freedoms
Stockmanship and Training
Housing and Environment
General
Cubicles
Straw yards
Loafing area
Cowsheds
Ventilation
Outwintered animals
All-year housing
Light Levels
Heat stress
Lameness
Predisposing factors and lesions
Breeding and conformation
Foot care
Farm tracks and paths
Machine Milking
Robotic milking
Infectious Diseases: Mastitis
Summer Mastitis
Control of Mastitis
Other Infectious Diseases
Nutrition
Condition scoring
Water and feed intake
Metabolic disorders
Fertility and Reproduction
Artificial Insemination (AI)
Natural service
Embryo transfer
Ovum pick-up
Sexed semen
Ultrasound scanning
Dystocia
Induction of parturition
Calving aids
Handling Facilities
Lifting gear
Calving and hospital (isolation) pens
Calf and heifer rearing
General (Calf rearing)
Management and housing
Disease
General (Heifer rearing)
Mutilations
Castration
Disbudding and dehorning
Supernumerary teats
Tagging
New Technology and Developments
Bovine somatotrophin (BST)
Unwanted progeny
Extended lactation
Other matters
Overstocked udders in cattle at markets and at shows
PART IV: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations for early action
Recommendations for longer term implementation
Recommendations for further work
APPENDIX A: Membership of the Farm Animal Welfare Council
APPENDIX B: Those who gave evidence and assistance
APPENDIX C: Per rectum ultrasound scanning for pregnancy detection in cattle
Investigation
Recommendations
Per rectum pregnancy detection using a doppler transducer
Horses
APPENDIX D: BST - advice to Ministers
