Part I: Introduction
Background
Method of Investigation
Philosophy of Approach
Part II: Turkey Production Methods
History
The Turkey Industry
Primary breeders
Breeders
Producers
Changes in farming methods
Types of turkey production system
Conventional (enclosed) housing
Pole barn housing
Free-range
Part III: The Welfare Issues
Environmental comfort
(a) Temperature
(b) Ventilation
(c) Heat stress
(d) Light
(e) Litter
(f) Environmental enrichment
Beak-trimming
Stocking density
Leg health
General
Meat Birds
Breeding birds
Disease
Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT)
Availability of vaccines and medicines
Artificial Insemination
Catching and handling
Culling and slaughter on-farm
Culling
Slaughter on-farm of market weight birds
Stockmanship
(a) Inspection
(b) Training
Record-keeping
Farm Fires
Part IV: Summary of recommendations
A. Proposed legislative controls.
B. Proposed controls by Code provision.
C. General recommendations
Appendix A: Membership of the Farm Animal Welfare Council
Appendix B: Those who gave evidence and assistance
Appendix C: Lighting for turkeys
1. Light intensity
2. Photoperiod
3. Light colour
4. Light source
Appendix D: Stocking density calculations
Appendix E: Turkey catching: example guidelines
